Writing position papers: October 2019

Thursday, October 31, 2019

In what ways do your ontological (worldview) and epistemological Essay

In what ways do your ontological (worldview) and epistemological (knowledge construction) perspectives align with (or do not align with) the world Englishes paradigm - Essay Example 210; cited in Bolton, n.d., p. 368). As such, oneÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s ontological and epistemological perspectives actually align with WE paradigm in terms of recognition, commitment, and firm belief that Ã¢â‚¬ËœEnglishÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ as an international language has evolved through time with increasing importance being acknowledged through its evident use as a universally known and accepted language. Using this premise, oneÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s knowledge construction on the subject, seen as a potential opportunity not only to expand personal understanding and depth of the language, per se; but more so, as a means of professional livelihood, justify the need to confirm alignment with the WE model. Therefore, through being more culturally aware of diversity in the use of English, either as a first, second, or additional language, one confirms that learning more about WE would be instrumental in echoing the relevant concepts that would be learned from this model. As more educators, like me, recognize that learning and teaching WE should be shared on a more global scale, acknowledging that learning and teaching English requires recognizing its multiple variants aligns with the WE concept. The growth and advancement being experienced in all societies worldwide confirm that applying the WE concepts would contribute to greater understanding and facilitate teaching English using the WE

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Armitage and praise song Essay Example for Free

Armitage and praise song Essay In both poems, a sense of nostalgia and reminiscence is conveyed; they are written in the past tense which leads to a state of reflection and acknowledgement. As a reader, one can immediately capture this notion, when reading Praise Song for My Mother, as the title itself has very traditional African connotations it marks a celebration or tribute of someones life. Whereas Armitage titles his poem Harmonium which is what the poem is physically about but also is symbolic of the relationship between him and his father. Armitage introduces the poem with an anecdote; this evokes a feeling of reminiscence. It contains very physical descriptions Shadowy porch of Marsden Church this establishes the setting for the reader and perhaps portrays Armitage as being entranced by the church; he appreciates very minute details. However, when describing the Farrand Chapelette, it was described using the idiom gathering dust which has a double meaning it was physically accumulating dust but also it was coming of age. In addition, Armitage describes his ultimatum; it could be bundled off to the skip or could become his for a song this suggests the church organ is not in satisfactory condition as the idiom bundled of to the skip indicates it would have been thrown out. More importantly, Armitage explains how the church organ could be his for a song which is an interesting play on words as the purpose of the harmonium is to play songs but also this idiom suggests it could have been purchased cheaply which leads the reader to assume the harmonium has lost its functionality and is impractical, similar to the freight of his father. In Praise Song for My Mother, Nichols uses You, a second person pronoun, which introduces a sense of intimacy and makes the poem very personal. This is followed by were, a past tense verb, which indicates the poem is addressed to someone who cannot hear her or maybe is no longer alive. This idea correlates with the concept of a praise song a traditional African tribute to someone no longer alive. Nichols describes her mother using a metaphor; you were water to me. Water is regarded as precious, particularly in African culture but it is also an essential element of sustaining life which leads the reader to deduce the extent of the impact the mother has had in this person. The water is then described as deep and bold with regards to the mother, one can interpret this to mean the water is a large store of knowledge that cannot be accessed as physically humans cannot survive; it is very mysterious and also it shows the great expanse of her motherhood. Fathoming derives from the Anglo Saxon era and means to embrace the water embraces many sea creatures and therefore sustains life which is essentially a quality of her mother. But it can also mean to reason out problems this relates to the idea of a store of knowledge. Armitage gives sunlight agency as it can beatify saints and raise the dead. This catholic connotation brings about positivity to the church as images of saints are lifted above ordinary people. However, this is contrasted by the destructive power of the sunlight as it weathers the aged wooden case of the harmonium and the fingernails of its key. Armitage personifies the keys to draw a parallel with his dads smokers fingers. Further damage included one of the notes lost its tongue which means sound is lost. Armitage then paints an image of a traditional organist who wears grey, woollen sock. This inspires an idea of how old the harmonium and its battle with time. Armitage describes the motion of pedalling and uses repetition to support the onomatopoeic effect/. Nichols also uses repetition as she starts the second stanza with You were. This maintains the intimate and personal element to the poem. She describes her mother as the moons eyes. Historically, the moon represents strength and an icon of femininity. By personifying the moon, it shows that whilst her mother may not be on walking earth, she is looking over her this adds a transcending aspect to her mother. References made to the moon are pull and grained which can suggest to the reader the gravitational attraction between mother and daughter is similar to that of the earth and moon and how her mother had suffered a lot through her life and was left scarred. When using mantling, it evokes an image of being covered or wrapped up to protect. Moreover, Nichols lack of apostrophe in the third stanza, fishes, suggests her breakdown in emotion. The third stanza is different from the first two as here Nichols begins to list metaphors describing her mother. She once again makes the poem more personal through the reference of crabs leg/the fried plantain smell which is a delicacy central to her tradition. Furthermore, Armitage displays his emotions coming to a breaking point in the third stanza. This is achieved through his use of but which indicates a shift in tone. He uses alliteration, hummed harmonics, to increase the pace imitating his release of emotion. Also there is an onomatopoeic aspect which denotes the sound. This allows the reader to appreciate how engaged Armitage is with the harmonium. His use of the idiom struck a chord has a double meaning it can mean to physically play a sound but more importantly it means to provoke an emotional response to something. As the stanza continues, Armitage makes reference to father and son and is talking about him and his father this increases the feeling of nostalgia as it was him and his father who had sang as choir boys. It is in the fourth stanza where Armitages emotions become apparent. He makes very delicate comparisons with his father and the harmonium dotted thumbs. After this, Armitage how him and his father would cart it away in doing so, the harmonium is described as a valueless item. He personifies the harmonium by describing its back similar to how a person would be placed in a coffin. Armitage mentions how his dad belittles his own death. His dad describes his body as freight which is monosyllabic and brings heaviness to the comical aspect of his dad. Armitage cannot respond to his dads cynical humour and has lost his tongue. This represents the difference in character between the two. In contrast to the sad mood conveyed in Harmonium, Nichols ends the poem with words of wisdom from her mother Go to the wide futures, she said. This reinforces the idea the mother is looking over her and is wise.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

The Classical Hollywood Studio System

The Classical Hollywood Studio System The Hollywood studio era can be traced back to the beginning of sound in film. The first feature film with sound was The Jazz Singer (1927), directed by Alan Crosland based on a play by Samson Raphaelson. In the period of the silent cinema, the cinema itself was considered a technological marvel. But like all technologies, the inventors needed to find ways to sell their products, and seen as a large business potential, nickelodeons, through numerous theatres around America, laid down the basis of the Hollywood cinema. The golden age of Hollywood of course began with the introduction of sound in film and theatre, a big investment for the studios. With the approach of the US Recession in the early 1930s (in fact it was still felt until 1938) the studios looked for financial back-up by Banking Giants, the Wall Street which led to the total control of the studios by bankers and businessmen. Between the 1920s and the late 1940s Hollywood cinema was an oligopoly dominated by the Big Five: Paramount, MGM, Warner Brothers, FOX and RKO which were vertically integrated and also the Little Tree: Universal, Columbia and United Artists. Throughout this period, Hollywood was in a mass mode of production, it was heavily capitalised, it used precision machinery, employing thousands of workers(over 33000 people) and it had a centralised management. The modes of production continuously changed since 1895. There was the cameraman system (1895-1906), in which the film was shot and distributed by cameramen, the Director System (1907-1909), the Director-unit (1909-1914), a Central Producer System (1914-1930), a Producer-Unit System (1930-1945), and Package-Unit System (1945-1955). As the banks and businessmen took over the studios, it was clear that the most important aspect to them was that the films produced needed to be created for economical purposes. The studios began to look like b ig factories with the division of labour on the studio lot with 33000 people in production and over 133000 people in the industry. They had a story department, unit department, an assistant director department, art department, various workshops and wardrobe departments and many more. Paramount Pictures, considered one of the defining studios of the classical era was founded by Adolph Zukor, as an investor, he saw that the films were being enjoyed by the working class people, mainly immigrants. By the 1920s the studio expanded to an industry colossus with theatrical chains of 2000 screens and two production studios. . During the Depression period Paramount went near bankruptcy but in the late 1930s under Barney Balaban, Paramount became one of the biggest and most important of the Big Five. They released over 60 films a year and with the rise of sound in cinema, numerous stars were born: Gary Cooper, Mae West, Marlene Dietrich, Miriam Hopkins, Claudette Colbert, Dorothy Lamour, Carole Lombard, Bing Crosby and the Marx Brothers. Metro-Golden-Mayer was founded in 1924 and by 1940s it was considered the one to dominate the industry. Marcus Loew bought Metro Pictures Corporation in 1916 and Goldwyn Pictures in 1917 and in 1924 he bought Mayer Pictures. The producer Luis B, Mayer was made vice-president and head of studio operations in California, along with Irving Thalberg and Harry Rapf. MGM was considered a producer studio, there films were glamorous and they were considered quality productions. The studio was a star vehicle with names like William Haines , John Gilbert, Norma Shearer , Greta Garbo, and Joan Crawford, but they also had names hired from other studios like: Wallace Beery, Lon Chaney, William Powell and Buster Keaton. In the 1930s new stars were added: Jean Harlow, Robert Montgomery, Clark Gable, Myrna Loy, Nelson Eddy and Jeanette MacDonald. Warner Bros. was the first studio to introduce sound. The Jazz Singer (1927) was the first talking film and began to expand by acquiring large studios in Burbank and several important stars. While MGM was making start stuttering lavishing dramas, and musicals, Paramount made films about decadence, Warners was combining different genres: the gangster movies, backstage musicals and romantic adventure films. The way to identify a Warner Bros. film from other studios way in the way of the production value and a unique visual style (simple sets and low-key lighting) Sets at Warners were customarily bare and workmanlikeÃƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦The scale of a film could be judged by its budget, and in 1932 the average production cost per feature at Warners was estimated at $200,000, lowest of the majors except for Columbia ($175,000): MGM by comparison, averaged $450,000 (Campbell, 1971, p. 2). With the introduction of color, the studio began to flourish. Thorough 1929-1931, Warners, were producing a staggering number of colored films, the majority being musicals. After associating musicals with color, the studio began to abandon it, and instead turned to a more social realistic storyline, the gangster films. Films like: I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang (1932), Little Caesar (1930), The Public Enemy (1931) G-Men (1935), Racket Busters (1938) etc. 20th Century-Fox was created through the merging of Fox Film Corporation and Twentieth Century Pictures. The studios stars did not compare with the likes of MGM, Warner or Paramount, but FOX managed to produce some A-grade films like The Grapes of Wrath (1940) the most expensive adaptation of that time- who won 2 Oscars, Thanks A Million (1935) with stars like: Shirley Temple and Will Rogers. RKO was formed in the beginning of sound in film and the stars working for the studio were: Cary Grant, musical team Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers: In The Gay Divorcee (1934), Top Hat (1934) ETC. The most famous films at RKO were King Kong (1933) and Citizen Kane (1941). With every other Studio being associating with a genre, KRO didnt have any specific genre. The way to understand Hollywoods peculiarity as a mass entertainment industry the dream factory is through the couplet of standardisation/differentiation. The studios can be compared by classical narrative, genre and stars. The cult of the movie star, fostered by the money of the film industry, preserves not the unique aura of the person but the spell of personality, the phony spell of a commodity (Walter Benjamin, The Work of Art in the Age of Technical Reproducibility 1935). According to Benjamin the stars are human beings turned into a commodity, a product that can be sold and reproduced for economic purposes. According to John Ellis a star is A performer in a particular medium whose figure enters into subsidiary forms of circulation and then feeds back into future performances (Ellis, 1982, p. 1). Joan Crawford is the ideal example for a star. I never go out unless I look like Joan Crawford the movie star. If you want to see the girl next door, go next door (Joan Crawford). John Belton suggests that: A stars persona [Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] differs from that of an actor. For an actor, the persona provides a primary mask, which disguises the real person underneath. For a star, the persona includes the actors persona as well as the stars persona. (John Belton, 6). The star is a product, an investment. They must have the power to be identified with a particular type of film; many stars will only play in particular genres bearing the same persona: for example thorough the 1930s Joan Crawford was always playing vulnerable roles. By being in the centre of attention, stars always portrayed cinemas ability to show the passing of time (the mortality). Greta Garbo had a successful transition from silent film to sound, and she received an Oscar nomination for Anna Christie (1930), her first talkie. But Garbo wanted to be considered an ageless star. She didnt need to act in front of the camera; her natural looks and presence differentiated her from anyone else. Because she wanted to be seen as a myth, forever remembered as a beautiful and talented ageless star, she quit Hollywood after just 21 years in the business. Almost every Hollywood studio was associated with a specific type of genre; MGM had musicals and dramas, Warner Bros. Had gangster films, Universal had its share of horror films. Although different genres, they fallowed the same classical narrative structure. Problems arose in the beginning of the film and they must be solved in order to restore the balance in the world. To identify a genre we must look at their components. For example a western genre has elements, symbols to identify that world: for ex, there are sheriffs, outlaws and also the wilderness. Different genre requires different types of stars. In Warners gangster films the stars were associated with working class people, the only predominant audience left after the Great Depression. As they watched these movies they were attracted by the attack on the government and Warners profited from it. This may be considered an ideology. All the genres presented an idea, a ritual. All the studios had their own stars, they followed the same modes of production but the difference here is that on economic restraints the production quality of the studios differed from studio to studio. MGM had lavishing productions even with low budgets. A great example is Grand Hotel (1932) with an all star cast and just one massive set. Universal for their horror film used low key lighting, minimal sound and small sets, but the way in which they used low angle shots to mask the cheapness of the sets is impressive. To give a sense of depth to films like Dracula (1931), Universal brought along cinematographer Karl Freud, who worked on Metropolis (1927), to give the film a German expressionist style. As Hitchcock was begging to direct classical Hollywood films like Rebecca (1940), Psycho (1960), Vertigo (1958) etc., and putting his own stamp on them through its in camera editing he did not want control from his producer. During the producer-unit system the films were collaboratively made by different classes of labours, and they didnt have an individual artistic signature. They were controlled by the producer or the producer-director in some cases and not by the director. The strong director imposes his own personality on a film [Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦]. The auteur theory values the personality of a director precisely because of the barriers to its expression (The American Cinema (Andrew Sarris, The American Cinema 1968, p31). A director like Alfred Hitchcock produces a rupture or a change in the narrative, so he can put its mark, to make the film individual and personal. The same thing can be said about Orson Welles who produced, directed and starred in his own production Citizen Kane (1941) with ought any constraints from the head office. Casting his own actors, with a closed set and his individualism it came out to be one of the greatest films of all times.

Friday, October 25, 2019

Neuropathology of AIDS :: Health Medicine Medical Diseases Essays

Neuropathology of AIDS Since its discovery in 1981, AIDS has mainly been characterized as a disease effecting the bodying immune system. It has been recognized, however, that there are distinct neurological pathologies associated with the disease. AIDS neuropathology can be characterized by the existence of subcortical dementia, motor difficulties, and affective disorders. Most AIDS patients experience dementia of one form or another. It has been observed that approximately 95% of AIDS patients brainÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s show signs of damage, and 60% of patients develop dementia of one degree or another. The AIDS virus is an RNA retrovirus which attaches to and infects T helper cells and other cells of the immune system. The virus normally goes through a typical lytic life cycle which is seen in the pathology of most viruses. Originally the HIV virus was associated wilt the CD4 receptor found on the immune cells, but it has been discovered that the OKT4 receptor is also a site of entry for the virus. This receptor is not only present in macrophages, but it is also found in glial cells of the CNS. There are basically three sites of entry where the HIV virus and infected macrophages can invade the CNS. The first is the blood brain barrier. If there is damage to the integrity of this barrier, the virus can easily pass into the brain tissue and proliferate. The second barrier is the blood CSF barrier. The choroid plexus males up this particular barrier, and the barrier is maintained by the existence of tight junctions. If there is a breakdown of these tight junctions, infected macrophages can pass from the blood into the CSF where they can pass to nearly any area of the CNS. The final site of entry, and perhaps the most likely' are the cicumventricular organs. This is the only site in the CNS where there is an absence of a barrier, and the macrophages carrying the virus are free to pass through these. From here the virus can spread almost anywhere in the CNS, but they intend to infect areas near their site of entry. The most common initial symptom seen in neurological disorders related to AIDS is subcortical dementia. The cardinal feature of subcortical dementia include slowing of mental processes, progressive impairment of memory, and deficits in manipulating or using spontaneously acquired information (i.e., poor problem solving). However, unlike the cortical dementias, higher-order associative function is preserved' and intellectual impairment is milder in the subcortical dementias.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Later Adulthood Development Report Essay

As adults enter the stage of later adulthood, many changes will begin to develop for each person. The aging process includes transitioning from work life to retirement, changes to roles, social positions, social policies, determining living accommodations with healthcare needs, and relationships with families and peers. The stage known as the golden years comes with great challenges while adjusting to the many changes in a personÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s life. (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2010). Transition from work to retirement The transition from a working life to the retirement years can be a difficult process for aging adults as giving up higher salaries for the amount paid for Social Security is drastically different. Forcing retired adults to look for supplement income during this stage at a lower status than previously held in a prior position. Most companies offer a pension or 401k plan to help employees plan for a better retirement as it is almost impossible to live on Social Security alone. This change also plays a large factor on how the individual views their personal self-worth. Instead of priding themselves in the knowledge of an occupation, retirement forces the person to give up that role in search of another source to occupy their time. (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2010). Transition from work to retirement Cont. Retirement can be an enjoyed time for some older adults as they see it as the first time since childhood they are able to do the things they want in life without worrying about the limits caused by a profession. Others will struggle to figure out to do with all the extra time during each day. Depending greatly on the attitude a person had toward the many years spentÃ‚ employed and the ability to continue financially supporting the extracurricular items they would like to partake in during retirement. Personal well-being plays a large factor in how the adult will handle the retirement years and determine additional health issues a person may face. With a solid retirement plan continuing to support the person financially, this can be a joyous time while others learning to live on a fixed income will notices significant changes to their overall health. These changes are brought on by depression, a feeling of no longer being needed, or the bored from not having a specific task for every day living. (Allen, Clark, & Ghent, 2004). Changes in role and social position As aging progresses people begin to lose their role and social positions caused by the changes to activities, each person is involved in and illnesses the elderly develop. The lack of physical and mental activities begins to decrease psychomotor skills that affect various aspects of daily living. When people start aging the changes in the ability to see and hear begin to decline making it appear as if the person suffers from a decline in mental competency, which may not be the case and it just takes an older person longer to process the information that is given to them. Physically the changes to a personÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s body will begin in middle adulthood with the most noticeable happening in later adulthood. Physical changes in muscle tone and height along with a slower understanding of the world around them creates the perception of the older adult as a weaker person in the eyes of their loved ones and is the time when health issues become more noticeable. (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2010). Changes in role and social position Cont. As reaction times slowdown, the elderly begin to lose privileges like driving because the reaction time is greatly affected and is thought to be the cause of additional accidents. Driving is, usually, the first task removed from a person when they are no longer able to operate a vehicle safely without endangering the lives of others. Once a person begins to experience this normal task being taken away from them it causes the person to become dependent on families or friends to help with their daily needs, and decreases the feeling of self-sufficiency, which causes the change to the role a person has in society. (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2010). Changes inÃ‚ marriage, family and peer relationships Later adulthood is the time in life when changes in marriage, families, and peer relationships are affected the most by the loss of someone close to that person. Ã¢â‚¬Å"Most people 70 years of age or older are widowed, divorced, or singleÃ¢â‚¬ (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2010, p.619). Losing a spouse or close friend can create a sense of loneliness, which causes depression, anxiety and the emptiness feeling can become overwhelming. Depression also leads to psychological effects that will deteriorate a personÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s health causing the chance for a terminal disease to become much higher. The weaker appearance of older adults causes family and remaining peers to step up in the role of making sure the personÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s wellbeing is being met. (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2010). Living accommodations and healthcare needs Declining health and depression are two of the largest reasons families look into assisted living homes for aging loved ones. Making sure that the healthcare needs of the elderly are met becomes a priority for every family as the roles begin to reverse from the parent being the primary caregiver of their children to the children being responsible for meeting the needs of aging parents. Diseases such AlzheimerÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s and dementia are very difficult for not only the older person but for their families as well. As a person with this disease is no longer able to live on their own without the fear of something bad happening while no one else is around to watch over them. The disease affects all normal aspects of a personÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s life, creating confusion, aggressive behaviors, incontinence, and the inability to meet the daily needs without supervision making it necessary to find a facility that will meet the needs of the patient. (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2010). Finding a facility that w ill meets all the needs of the older adult and have a level of care that the family desires can be difficult to find. Researching all facilities in the area will help keep a peace of mind for the family and reassure that their loved ones are receiving the care they need. Medical programs Healthcare for older adults is expensive, and since many are living on fixed incomes, they rely on programs such as Medicaid and Medicare to meet theirÃ‚ medical needs. Due to the economic status of the government and the high cost of medical care, both of these programs now provide limited services to older adult. The quality of medical care older people will receive will also be lessened as many primary care physicians focus their practice on younger generations, creating an inability to correctly diagnose problems in older adulthood. Treating younger people allows the physicians to make more money off the current Medicare programs because of the limitations in place to restrict additional procedures when needed. (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2010). Social policies affecting older adults Social policies were created to aid the aging population meet medical, daily and income needs. The Older Americans Act of 1965 was created to ensure that older adults receive benefits of income, adequate housing, community services, and nutrition programs. (Gelfand, & Bechill, 1991). The Supplement Security Income program was designed to provide additional income after retirement for the individuals that worked the required amount of years to receive full benefits. Medicare plans are split into a two-part system that will pay for limited medical expenses incurred after retirement. Part A of the plan pays for limited care during hospital stays, nursing homes, and home health care when needed, while Part B covers physician expenses and out-patient services. Throughout the years, many changes have been made to the policies because of changes in presidency and budget cuts to the federally funded programs. (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2010). Conclusion The changes that occur for the older adult population make it necessary for extensive planning during the middle adulthood stage, for retirement and reflecting on how each individual will provide their basic needs when the time comes. Plans will help to ease the stress of aging, put less of a burden on family members, and make sure that the elderly receive the medical attention they need without relying on government assisted programs. Maintaining a presence in social groups will help the overall mental and physical status of the aging population. The future is up to each person to control how they want to live during the last stage of life. (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2010). References Allen, S. G., Clark, R. L., & Ghent, L. S. (2004). Phasing into retirement. The Industrial & Labor Relations Review, 58(1), 112-127. Gelfand, D.E., & Bechill, W. (1991, Summer-Fall). The evolution of the older Americans act: a 25-year review of the legislative changes. Generations, 15(3), 19-22. Zastrow, C. H., & Kirst-Ashman, K. K. (2010). Understanding Human Behavior and the Social Environment (8th ed.). Mason , Ohio: Brooks Cole/Cengage.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Trajedy of Julius Caesar Essay

Trajedy of Julius Caesar Essay Trajedy of Julius Caesar Essay Coleman Kitchens Sinnott 12 December 2012 6th Period Words of Wisdom: A Rhetorical Analysis of AntonyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Speech After hearing lie after lie from Marcus Brutus, Mark Antony addresses the people of Rome in an ironic manner implying that Brutus lies. When speaking to the people of Rome, Antony creates havoc amongst the crowd over the truth behind Julius CaesarÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s death. Antony opens his speech by justifying his reason to address the people of Rome. Antony uses antithesis to address the people of Rome of his intention: Ã¢â‚¬Å"I come to bury Caesar, not to praise himÃ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ (JC 3.2.83). Contrasting the words Ã¢â‚¬Å"buryÃ¢â‚¬ and Ã¢â‚¬Å"praise,Ã¢â‚¬ Antony distinguishes his desires among the Plebes by appealing to their want to trust him. To later justify his intentions to speak among the Plebes, Antony must first establish his position on CaesarÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s death. Next, Antony uses the asyndeton by saying,Ã¢â‚¬ Friends, Romans, CountrymenÃ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ (JC 3.2.82). Here Antony appeals to the PlebesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ desire to trust him by naming each and every man in the audience personally to establish a relationship between them. By excluding conjunctions, Antony expresses a sense of urgency to the Plebes to trust what he is saying and believe what he is saying. Antony then uses irony to compel Brutus by saying,Ã¢â‚¬ The noble BrutusÃ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ (JC 3.2.86). By saying that Brutus is noble, Antony creates a false interpretation of Brutus. The Plebes had developed a strong hatred for Brutus after he murdered Caesar, which Antony amplified by implying his ironic thoughts of Brutus. Antony continues his speech to the Plebes with the use of rhetorical questions and repetition to reveal BrutusÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ ambition. Antony repeatedly and ironically states, Ã¢â‚¬Å"Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Brutus says he was ambitiousÃ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ (JC 3.2. 95). By Brutus repeatedly saying that Caesar was Ã¢â‚¬Å"ambitious,Ã¢â‚¬ Antony reveals that BrutusÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ actions of murdering Caesar were not for the whole of Rome, but for betterment of himself. Antony repeats this to appeal to the PlebesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ desire to trust him. Next, Antony asks the rhetorical question of, Ã¢â‚¬Å"Did this in Caesar seem ambitious?Ã¢â‚¬ (JC 3.2.99). Here Antony appeals to the PlebesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ ability to reason and use logic by asking them if Caesar was Ã¢â‚¬Å"ambitiousÃ¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬â€œ ironically. By asking the Plebes a question, Antony actually creates a statement saying that Brutus was the ambitious one, not Caesar. Antony correlates the differences in the cries between the PlebeÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s and Caesar: Ã¢â‚¬Å"When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath weptÃ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ (JC 3.2.100). By destroying the image of a strong and powerful leader through the image of tears and sadness, Antony redirects their sorrow for Caesar into anger towards Brutus. He creates the transformation from mourning to hatred by appealing to the PlebeÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s emotions, confused and astonished, through the use of examples. By AntonyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s power of his use of words,

Monday, October 21, 2019

Nicole Kidman essays

Nicole Kidman essays Her Parents knew from a young age, that she hat talent. But it wasnt until Nicole Kidman reached her teen years, that it really stood out! Written by Justine Barron. Who can believe that Nicole Kidman, one of Australias best known actresses, could have started off so late. When Nicole was only in junior school, her parents started taking her to modern dance lessons, where she would see fully grown males walking and dancing around naked, but that did not put her off acting. Nicole has always been an artistic child, and has always focused on this from a young age. She began taking ballet lessons at the age of 3, then moving into mime at 8, and then onto drama at 10. Her very first public role was 6, where she played a loud sheep, for her primary schools Christmas pageant. With her mum as a feminist, and her dad as a labour advocate, Nicole grew up fast. Nicole possessed the same intensity as her future husband, when it came to acting. At High school, she was always seen as an outsider, due to her height (She was a tall 511), and as she reached her teens, she departed even further from her peers. While she spent her weekends at the Phillip Street Theatre, watching and Learning, her other peers were down at the beach, eyeing up each other. Nicole, from a young age, had her hopes set on higher things, wouldnt you if you had influences like Jane Fonda, Vanessa Redgrave and Katherine Hepburn. She was chosen to play a concerned sexual repression in the late 1800s in Frank Wedekinds Spring Awakening where she conceived her first kiss on stage! For this play, she had to yell out Beat Me! Harder! Harder! every night. At the age of 14, things really started to move for Nicole. One night, after the play, she received a note of congratulations and encouragement from an audience member, who was a film student. She invited Nicole to appear in her examination short film. ...

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Say and Write Take Care (Ki o Tsukete) in Japanese

Say and Write 'Take Care' (Ki o Tsukete) in Japanese The Japanese phraseÃ‚ Ki o tsuketeÃ‚ means take care. It is the phrase you would use when saying goodbye to a friend (whom you expect to see again within a few days) or a boss or coworker (whom you expect to see the next day or after a weekend). But the phrase deserves some explanation. Many in Western cultures believe that the Japanese use sayounara when saying goodbye. Nothing could be further from the truth, notes FluentU, adding that not only is this stereotyping, but the term sayonara alsoÃ‚ implies a finality, as if you are saying goodbye for good. Saying sayounara to a boss or loved one may leave them feeling confused orÃ‚ upset, says the language website. If you plan to study Japanese or visit Japan, its important that you know how to say goodbye in a socially appropriate way. Read on to learn how to use the phrase Ki o tsukete, including how to pronounce it and in what social context to use it. Pronouncing Ki o TtsuketeÃ¢â‚¬â€¹ Click the link to bring up an audio file that will let you listen to the correct way to pronounce the Japanese phrase for take care. As you listen to the pronunciation for Ki o tsukete, pause after you listen once or twice and practice saying the phrase. Japanese Characters: Writing Ki o TsuketeÃ¢â‚¬â€¹ It can also help to know how to write the phrase for saying goodbye. Before studying how the phrase is written, its important to understand the three Japanese writing systems: kanji, hiragana, and katakana. Kanji is symbolic (or logographic). It is the most common means of written communication in the Japanese language. Hiragana is a phonetic syllabary made up of simplified kanji letters, notes study guideÃ‚ Japanese Grammar. HiraganaÃ‚ is used primarily to spell words that haveÃ‚ Japanese roots or grammatical elements. Katakana is used to spell foreign and technical words (computer is one example) or for emphasis. The phrase Ki o tsuketeÃ¢â‚¬â€¹ is a combination of kanji and katakana, and is spelled as follows: Ã¦ °â€"Ã£â€šâ€™Ã£ ¤Ã£ â€˜Ã£ ¦Ã£â‚¬â€š The phrase can also be translated as be careful. The saying implies a concern you want to express for the health and welfare of your listener, in that you are wishing her well until you are able to see her again. Using Ki o TsuketeÃ¢â‚¬â€¹ Correctly TheÃ‚ Iidabashi Japanese Language School points out yet another issue to be careful of when using the phrase Ki o tsukete. You are, indeed, telling your listener to take care or be careful when using this phrase. However, the school notes on the website, Gaijin Pot: It is a phrase which signifies that one is praying for the safe trip of another.Ã‚ As such, it is a phrase that only the person watching someone else go is able to use.Ã‚ The person leaving cannot say it to the person staying behind. In other words, only the person staying behind can use the phrase to, essentially, wish a safe journey to the person who is leaving. So, if you are the one leaving work or home, FluentU suggests the following alternative phrases for saying goodbye in Japanese: Ã¨ ¡Å'Ã£ £Ã£ ¦Ã¦ ¥Ã£ ¾Ã£ â„¢ (Ã£ â€žÃ£ £Ã£ ¦Ã£ Ã£ ¾Ã£ â„¢,Ã‚ itte kimasu) IÃ¢â‚¬â„¢m leaving homeÃ£ Å Ã¥â€¦Ë†Ã£ «Ã¥ ¤ ±Ã§ ¤ ¼Ã£ â€"Ã£ ¾Ã£ â„¢ (Ã£ Å Ã£ â€¢Ã£ Ã£ «Ã£ â€"Ã£ ¤Ã£â€šÅ'Ã£ â€žÃ£ â€"Ã£ ¾Ã£ â„¢,Ã‚ osaki ni shitsurei shimasu) Excuse me for leaving firstÃ£ Å Ã§â€" ²Ã£â€šÅ'Ã¦ §ËœÃ£ §Ã£ â€"Ã£ Å¸Ã‚ (Ã£ Å Ã£ ¤Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šÅ'Ã£ â€¢Ã£ ¾Ã£ §Ã£ â€"Ã£ Å¸,Ã‚ otsukaresama deshita) Thank you for your hard work There are also a number of other ways to say goodbye in Japanese, which you will learn as you continue to study the language. So ki o tsukete (be careful or take care) to use the correct phrase when you plan to leave. Source Inc. BarCharts. Japanese Grammar. Quick Study Academic, Bilingual edition, QuickStudy, January 1, 2005.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Writing Bad News Messages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Writing Bad News Messages - Essay Example The problem is of the present incapacity of Quality Constructions as almost all of the work force is engaged in the ongoing projects. The organization is currently dealing with several pipeline projects and it is not in a position to participate in any new nonprofit projects. What I can assure is that our organization can definitely accommodate such programs like yours in the future. It is just the matter of time as we will be able to engage in such collaborative projects. It is our companyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s policy that we do not take on additional projects until and unless our current projects are in their conclusion phase. We do what we can do right and for that reason I would suggest you to wait for some time, until our organization is well prepared to acquire Collaborative Peace. I will write to you shortly to inform you of our teamsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ availability. I would like to reiterate my gratitude for your interest to work with us on the project. I assure that I will be working on Collaborative Peace to get it partnered to Quality Construction

Friday, October 18, 2019

Position paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Position paper - Essay Example This, in spite of the fact that for the greater majority, or about four billion people, and certainly for those living in most of the developed world, the economic systems in place have resulted in improving incomes and a good measure of financial prosperity. The impact of the economic collapse in the failed economies extend beyond incomes, and impact the very sustainability of their entire social fabrics. The strain on the social systems is evident in what Collier sees as poverty traps. There are the civil wars, for one, that are really more about young people wanting change in order to improve their financial lots in life. There are the circumstances thrust upon people due to their location in certain geographies, where countries have the bad luck of being located amidst a generally Ã¢â‚¬Å"badÃ¢â‚¬ neighborhood. Even natural resources in large quantities, such as oil and minerals, are seen as poverty traps too, because they breed conflicts. Finally, a fourth poverty trap is wides pread corruption brought about by immature political systems and general bad governance structures. These are confluence factors that all heighten the forces that derail the bad luck countries on skid row, so to speak, and these act like powerful downward forces that prevent these countries from escaping a terminal vortex of misery. Externally the forces of globalization and the imposition of global free markets, instead of helping these countries move up, are actually driving them to poverty even more, because the effect of such forces is to funnel growth and development even farther away from the impoverished billion and toward the developed world, which has the infrastructure and the inertia, as well as the resources, to continue to benefit from the existing order, while the unlucky billion continue to wallow in a vortex of poverty. Collier asserts that there are no easy answers, and that solutions lie sometimes in armed interventions, as well as in the intervention and policing of powerful organizations such as the European Union in order to bring about lasting economic and democratic reforms to the impoverished. This paper takes the position that indeed, the problem for the bottom billion is one that is characterized by a high degree of complexity, and the solutions are there, but executed badly Collier; The Observer; Goodreads; Riedel 519). Part of the problem with execution is that there are few organizations with the clout and the wherewithal to enforce changes and to see through them in such a way as to effect lasting structural changes (Collier 1-13; The Observer; Goodreads; Riedel 519). Part of the problem of execution too is that the tools have so far been misunderstood, and used in a bad way, and again these issues go back to the general complex nature of the problem and the very massive resources and effort needed to be used in a sustained manner in order to make the proper changes to rescue the downtrodden billion. Moreover, the incentives for h elping the poorest of the poor are not apparent on the surface, because as it is those who are profiting from the global economic order are comfortably living without the participation of the poorest. These things take long-range planning and thinking, and the concerted effort and goodwill of those who are in the developed world. Apart from all this, the paper also makes the case for the economic viability of making everyone on the planet, including the bottom billion, ride the economic boat to prosperity. The poorest, when they

Managing People Based on TyCoffi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing People Based on TyCoffi - Essay Example It is also important the new staffs recruited are provided with adequate training on the functioning in the organization and on technical skills needed undertake activities. The present project seeks to develop and design a complete set of HR practices for the purpose. This includes an effective and competitive compensation and rewards strategy, training and development strategy and a communication strategy aimed at motivating and retaining staffs in the organization. A complete list of recommendations is provided for each of the above activities in the organization. HR Practices Compensation and rewards strategy One of the most important components of a companyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s human resource strategies is its compensation and rewards structure. Compensation and rewards need to be designed not only as per the strategic objectives of the firm but must also be competitive in the market. Moreover they must also be designed to meet the requirements of employees such that they remain motivated a nd loyal to the company. Mere increase in salaries only helps to motivate employees for a short span of time and does not leave any permanent impact. Thus salaries must be complemented with a proper reward structure which is directly linked with the performance of employees (Armstrong, Cummins, Hastings & Wood, 2005, p131). Since Mike has strong egalitarian views, it is important that there is equitable compensation in the organization. TyCoffi must not maintain any pay secrecy. The compensation structure must be absolutely transparent to the employees. This would indicate that TyCoffi does not have any defensible compensation system (Cale & Tate, 2011, p.124). This strategy would be beneficial in gaining confidence of the people on the managementÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s fair-handedness and concerns people leaving the organization would reduce. The first way of determining pay structure is to establish a competency based pay structure. This is mainly to draw the distinction between the House Manag ers, Assistants and the Baristas. The three category of employees have different set of skills and competency based on which their basic salaries are to be determined. The rate of pay increases must also be linked with the same set of competencies and skills. This strategy is particularly beneficial in motivating employees to gain additional skills and competencies and acquire new knowledge (Jackson, Schuler & Werner, 2011, p.383). A performance based pay is particularly recommended for the baristas and the House Managers. This is mainly intended towards motivating employees towards performing better or improving their performance. Since baristas are directly associated with the customers and remain in close contact with them, the level of customer satisfaction depends on the kind of service that they provide. Thus associating their pay with performance would help to enhance their performance standards through improved delivery of services. This would not only help to better their o wn performance but improve reputation and goodwill of the company too (Jackson, Schuler & Werner, 2011, p.383). Apart from the baristas, the House Managers are also responsible for the performance of their respective team of baristas; thus linking their pay with

Leading Generation X Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leading Generation X - Essay Example Transactional leadership does not stimulate extra role behavior, rather it tends to encourage and promote in-role behavior, however with general standards of behavior being eligible for a reward if higher than optimum expected levels. The relationship between a transactional leader and his followers is purely an economic exchange, doing more than what is expected or achieving extraordinary things are not likely to be appreciated (Pillai et al, 1999). Doyle and Smith (no date) in their discussion of classical leadership theories, have also mentioned the views put forward by Bass (1985) on the potential for existing transactional leadership patterns to be transformed, in order to cater to the more sophisticated demands that are made upon leaders today. The transactional approach may be more relevant in serving the self-interest of employees and may thus lend itself well to Generation X-ers. (Doyle and Smith, no date:7) The traits theory that is explicated in most detail in the article by Rodriguez, Green and Ree (2003), essentially centers upon the general traits or qualities all leaders were thought to possess, which differentiated them from their followers. This article also points out the difficulties in application of the Traits theory, since it does not take into account the situation or context within which a leader is required to make decisions. Another drawback with the Traits theory is that the list of qualities enumerated by Gardner (1989) contains a motley mix of traits, such as behavioral traits, skills and abilities, temperament and intellectual abilities. Lastly, the list of traits is closely associated with maleness and the attributes on GardnerÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s list are male; as a result females are not viewed as viable leaders (Rosener, 1997). As a result, the traits leadership model may not be appropriate for generation X-ers where there is a large representation of women in

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Social Marketing Campaign for Youth Gangs Assignment

Social Marketing Campaign for Youth Gangs - Assignment Example This essay declares that the proliferation of gangs is a national and local issue. The young ages of gang members and resulting individual and collective deviant behaviours make them a particular national concern. The basic age range of gang members is between 12 and 24 years, with the average ages of 17 and 18 years. These are children who should be studying in school and being moulded by society to reach for their dreams and upmost potentials. Instead, they are engaging in deviant and criminal behaviours. States and local communities also experience a rising incidence of gang membership. This paper makes a conclusion that in Atlanta, International Robbing Crew and 30 Deep are two of the largest gangs. They are mostly involved in drugs and robberies. The literature on the social context of gang membership contains numerous contradictions. Albert Cohen advances a subculture theory that seeks to explain why the youth join gangs. In particular, a gang provides them the opportunity to belong, to develop their sense of masculinity, to do something that is Ã¢â‚¬Å"valuableÃ¢â‚¬ , or to fight middle-class society and authority follows the study of psychologist Erik Erikson to understand gang membership. Erik Erikson argues that identity is a Ã¢â‚¬Å"developmental phenomenonÃ¢â‚¬ shaped by the social conditions and internal developmental processes. A social and cultural background that provides for the identity formation process and helps adolescents achieve their human identity needs is beneficial to a robust identity formation.

Second language teacher education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Second language teacher education - Essay Example Teacher training, on the other hand, is used when it is a non-educator. As a whole, however, individuals who study to teach another language are called teacher-learners. What second language teacher education should be has evolved from content, to the person of the teacher and finally to the process of learning or teacher education. Several researches have been made to connect the two concepts under teacher education - teacher training and teacher learning. Previously, second language teacher education was focused on the content Ã¢â‚¬â€œ second language Ã¢â‚¬â€œ and not how this should be taught. Although there are many reasons for the gap between teacher education and teacher learning, it was generally acknowledged that teacher education was based on principles on teaching imparted to the teacher in the classroom which are then practiced by the educator in his own class. Background research has shown that this idea of transmitting principles eventually evolved into the teachersÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ developing their own knowledge through their experience as a teacher. This change was due to the fact that adoption of the transmission idea failed to recognize the learning teachers would get from their classes. According to the reading, there are four influences that have an effect on the understanding of second language teacher education. These are input, prior knowledge, institutional context and time. Input is recognized as something made, how it is given to the student and the outcome it produces. In second language teacher education, strategies for input come from teacher training and teacher development, which are the combination of content and process. Where teacher training encompasses all the various processes learned by the teacher like academic programs, teacher development deals with the educatorÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s experiences and knowledge and how they can apply this to their teaching methods. Since in second language teacher education the teachers

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Leading Generation X Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Second language teacher education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Special Educational Needs Essay Example for Free

Special Educational Needs Essay This is a transition time for Special Educational Needs and Disabilities Ã¢â‚¬â€œ new legislation in the form of a green paper Ã¢â‚¬Å"Support and AspirationÃ¢â‚¬ is advancing through the necessary stages and considerable changes are promised to be implemented by 2014. An understanding of the historical perspective and the future proposals contained in Ã¢â‚¬Å"Support and AspirationÃ¢â‚¬ will therefore be helpful. Definitions: (From the current SEN Code of practice 2001) The Educational Act 1981 laid down a legal definition of Special Educational Needs in schools. That definition was repeated in the Educational Act 1993 and in the consolidation Education Act 1996. According to law: 1. A child has special educational needs if he or she has a learning difficulty which calls for special educational provision to be made for him or her. 2. A child has a learning difficulty if he or she: a) has a significantly greater difficulty in learning than the majority of children of the same age b) has a disability which either prevents or hinders the child from making use of educational facilities of a kind provided for children of the same age in schools within the area of the local education authority c) is under five and falls within the definition at (a) or (b) above. The following children fall outside the legal definition of Special Educational Needs a) Those whose language at home is different from the language in which they are taught at school b) gifted children Anticipated changes Summarized from https://www.education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/Green-Paper-SEN.pdf The Green Paper, Support and Aspiration: A new approach to special educational needs and disability, sets out the governmentÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s intention to radically reform the current system for identifying, assessing and supporting children and young people who are disabled or have SEN, and their families. The Green Paper proposals and the GovernmentÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s wider reforms in education and health will make the best use of limited resources through better planning, streamlining assessment processes, making the system less adversarial and focusing on achieving better outcomes. Reforms are already being tested through local pathfinders, developing the knowledge and skills that will be needed for their successful implementation, and making sure that the right measures are in place to hold services to account. The lessons learnt from the pathfinders will help shape the changes. In the Green Paper the government pledges by 2014 to introduce: Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ A single assessment process which is more streamlined, better involves children, young people and families and is completed quickly; Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ An Education, Health and Care Plan which brings services together and is focused on improving outcomes; and Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ An offer of a personal budget for families with an Education, Health and Care Plan. The government intends to introduce legislation through a Children and Families Bill to implement the changes to the law required for the Green Paper reforms. A draft bill will be published in summer 2012 for consultation and pre-legislative scrutiny. Application It is not yet clear how the changes will impact schools or what adjustments will be required in administration and Ã¢â‚¬Å"grass-rootsÃ¢â‚¬ provision. Tutors will inform students of changes as they emerge.

Monday, October 14, 2019

Cloning in Plants And Animals

Cloning in Plants And Animals What is cloning? Cloning is a process carried out in a laboratory by which a genetically identical organism can be made through non-sexual means. How it started? In February 1997, when embryologist Ian Wilmut and his colleagues at Roslin Institute in Scotland were able to clone a lamb, named Dolly. Who are cloned? Both plants and animals can be cloned. Plant Cloning is an ancient form of producing desired outcomes in plant species. Animal Cloning is the process by which an entire organism is reproduced from a single cell taken from the parent organism and in a genetically identical manner. This simply means the cloned animal is an exact duplicate in every way of its parent; it has the same and exact DNA. What does it involve? For different purposes there exist different extents of cloning such a molecular cloning; the process of making multiple molecules, cellular cloning, which can be further divided into unicellular cloning; in which you derive a population of cells from a single c ell, and Cloning in stem cell research; used to create embryos for research or therapeutic purposes, and the most complex type of cloning is organism cloning; it refers to the procedure of creating a new multicellular organism, genetically identical to another. Is cloning advantageous or disadvantageous? Cloning has both advantages and disadvantages to human beings. Advantages may include the creation of human beings that can be used to study human development and to potentially treat diseases. Disadvantages may include the lack of diversity of organisms and the hindrance of evolution. Why clone, and why not to clone? The ethics of cloning has become a great issue. Scientifically speaking, cloning can be the solution to problems associated with organ transplants that can benefit human health, and can also help in great yield production of healthy crops. But, ethically speaking the bible states that a new individual should be born from a husband (which provides the sperm) and a wife (which provides the egg), therefore by cloning one will blunder the world of God for it involves asexual reproduction of organisms. Cloning has indeed been the subject of scientific experiments for years but it was first known to be successful in 1997 when, after about 277 eggs used, the first cloned mammal Dolly was born. In the United States, the human consumption of meat and other products from cloned animals was approved by the FDA on December 28, 2006, with no special labeling required. CONCEPT AND SIGNIFICANCE Cloning can have slightly different meanings depending of the specific field one is studying. In general Biology cloning refers to the process of production of similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occur in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually. In Biotechnology cloning refers to the process used to create copies of DNA fragments, cells, or organisms. Cloning has two main branches. They are Plant Cloning and Animal Cloning. Plant Cloning is an ancient form of producing desired outcomes in plant species. For farmers plant cloning is used to duplicate the success of good plants, and rich crops with very high yields. Plant cloning is easier than using seeds to generate new plants because the duplication of desired genes is rapid and the grower knows the type and quality of plant he would be growing since the new plant can be created from just a twig. Animal Cloning is the process by which an entire organism is reproduced fr om a single cell taken from the parent organism. This new organism is genetically identical; the exact duplicate in every way including DNA, to the parent organism. Animal cloning can be done both for reproductive and non-reproductive or therapeutic purposes. In the second case, cloning is done to produce stem cells or other such cells that can be used for therapeutic purposes, for example, for healing or recreating damaged organs. Cloning can happen both naturally and in the lab. Natural forms of cloning can include asexual reproduction in certain organisms such as bacteria and also in the development of twins from a single fertilized egg. Cloning can be done in the labs; an example would be the process of nuclear transfer of embryonic cells which leads to the production of cloned mammals. Cloning is divided into three major compartments, they are; molecular cloning, cellular cloning, and organism cloning. Molecular Cloning is the process of making multiple molecules. It is used to amplify DNA fragments containing whole genes, but can be used to amplify any DNA sequence such as promoters, non-coding sequence and randomly fragmented DNA. It is used for biological experiments and practical applications ranging from genetic fingerprinting to large scale protein production. Cellular Cloning has two subgroups; unicellular cloning and cloning in stem cell research. Unicellular cloning occurs in organisms such as bacteria and yeast; these processes are simple and only require inoculation of the appropriate medium for them to derive a population of cells from a single cell. For stem cell research, Somatic-cell nuclear transfer isÃ‚ used to create embryos for the research and therapeutic purposes. This is called research cloning and its goal is to harvest stem cells that can be used to study human development and to potentially treat diseases such as Diabetes and Alzheimers. Organism Cloning refers to the procedure of asexually creating a new multicellular organism, genetically identical to another. Successful animal cloning, in particular cloning from an adult animal, one knows exactly how the clone is going to turn out. This becomes especially useful when the whole intention behind cloning is to save a certain endangered species from becoming totally extinct. ACTUAL PROCESS Animals: Molecular Cloning which is the cloning of any DNA fragment can be divided into the following different steps: Fragmentation breaking apart a strand of DNA Ligation gluing together pieces of DNA in a desired sequence Transfection inserting the newly formed pieces of DNA into cells Screening/Selection selecting out the cells that were successfully transfected with the new DNA. Unicellular Cloning of organisms is performed using a culture technique which involves the use of cloning rings. In this technique: A single-cell suspension of cells that have been exposed to a mutagenic agent or drug used to drive selection is plated at a high dilution to create isolated colonies; each arising from a single and potentially cloned distinct cell. At an early growth stage when colonies consist of only a few of cells, sterile polystyrene rings (cloning rings), which have been dipped in grease are placed over an individual colony and a small amount of trypsin is added. Cloned cells are collected from inside the ring and transferred to a new vessel for further growth. Somatic-Cell Nuclear Transfer is used to create embryos for research and therapeutic purposes. The SCNT process to create embryos for stem cell research is: First, the collection of cells from the organism that will be cloned, the cells can be used immediately or can be stored in the lab for later use. The maternal DNA from an oocyte is removed at metaphase II. The nucleus can then be inserted into an egg cytoplasm. This creates a one-cell embryo. The grouped somatic cell and egg cytoplasm are then introduced to an electrical current. The sexual energy allows the cloned embryo to begin development. The successfully developed embryos are then placed in surrogate recipients. Organism Cloning the procedure of creating a new multicellular organism, genetically identical to another is achieved by: The transfer of a nucleus from a donor adult cell (somatic cell) to an egg that has no nucleus. When the egg begins to divide normally it is transferred into the uterus of the surrogate mother. An example of the first mammal to be successfully cloned from an adult cell is Dolly, a Finn-Dorset ewe. She was cloned at the Roslin Institute in Scotland. Dolly was formed by taking a cell from the udder of her biological mother. Her embryo was created by taking the cell and inserting it into a sheep ovum. The embryo was then placed inside a female sheep that went through normal pregnancy. She lived for 6 years, from 1996-2003. There were early claims that Dolly the Sheep had pathologies resembling accelerated aging, but other researchers, including Ian Wilmut who led the team that successfully cloned Dolly, argue that Dollys early death due to respiratory infection was unrelated to deficiencies with the cloning process. In amphibians the ultimate test of whether the nucleus of a differentiated cell has undergone any irreversible functional restriction is to have that nucleus generate every other type of differentiated cell in the body. If each cells nucleus is identical to the zygote nucleus, then each cells nucleus should be totipotent (capable of directing the entire development of the organism) when transplanted into an activated enucleated egg. Before such an experiment could be done, three techniques for transplanting nuclei into eggs had to be perfected: a method for enucleating host eggs without destroying them; a method for isolating intact donor nuclei; and a method for transferring such nuclei into the host egg without damaging either the nucleus or the oocyte. Plants: The process of cloning a plant is relatively easy compared to that of animals. Simply: Trim a piece of the root from a plant. Supply it with nutrients and plant it in soil. The resulting growth will be identical to the original plant. BENEFITS TO HUMANITY Economically, cultivating existing plants with good yields ensures that farmers will most likely get an identical yield from that new plant, providing similar situations are sustained. Through the process of cloning, the University of Arkansas states that a number of different varieties of foods, such as grapes and oranges without seeds, have been created that consumer prefer over traditional plants. Cloning can save endangered species. On January 8, 2001, scientists at Advanced Cell Technology, Inc., announced the birth of the first clone of an endangered animal, a baby bull gaur (a large wild ox from India and Southeast Asia) named Noah. Noah died of an infection unrelated to the cloning procedure. But this experiment served as prove to show that they can bring back endangered species. Research Cloning or Therapeutic Cloning can harvest stem cells that can be used to study human development and to potentially treat diseases such as Diabetes and Alzheimers. In the case of the Alzheimers disease, the nucleus from a skin cell of the patient is placed into an empty egg. The reprogrammed cell begins to develop into an embryo because the egg reacts with the transferred nucleus. The embryo will become genetically identical to the patient. The embryo will then form a blastocyst which has the potential to become any cell in the body. Other Potential Medical Benefits of cloning include: the possibility that we will learn to renew activity of damaged cells by growing new cells and replacing them, the creation of humans with identical genetic makeup to act as organ donors for each other, cloning allows the study of cell differentiation, and cloning also gives sterile couples the ability to have offspring that will have either the mothers or fathers genetic pattern. DISADVANTAGES OF CLONING In a large percentage of cases, the cloning process fails in the course of pregnancy or some sort of birth defects occur, for example, as in a recent case, a calf born with two faces. Sometimes the defects manifest themselves later and kill the clone. This long lasting process before the success of cloning can lead to the extinction of little remains of DNA from extinct species if it is used with no successive results. Changes in genomes may not only result in changes in appearance, but in psychological and personality changes as well. In plants; cloning limits diversity which makes the plants more susceptible to diseases and pests. Possible potential harms and disadvantages are: the possibility of compromising individualities, the loss of genetic variation, technology is not well developed; it has low fertility rate; in cloning Dolly, 277 eggs were used, 30 started to divide, nine induced pregnancy, and only one survived. ETHICAL ISSUES Although most scientists consider the process of animal cloning as a major breakthrough and see many beneficial possibilities in it, many people are uncomfortable with the idea, they say it is against nature and it is ethically damning, particularly in the instance of cloning human beings. One of the main goals of the government is to protect human life. Some people want the government to regulate cloning and not allow it. Producing clones for research or to use their parts is unethical. It would be against the code of ethics of a doctor to harm a clone (i.e., use it for an organ transplant). The clone would be a human being and deserve all the rights and privileges that a non-cloned human has. Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ A clone should not be a second-class citizen. It is speculated that clones would be considered as such. The American Medical Association holds four points of reason why cloning should not take place. They are: there are unknown physical harms introduced by cloning, unknown psychosocial harms introduced by cloning, including violations of autonomy and privacy, impacts on familial and societal relations, and potential effects on the human gene pool. Serious ethical concerns arise by the future possibility of only harvesting organs from clones. Some people have considered the idea of growing organs separately from a human organism in doing this; a new organ supply could be established without the moral implications of harvesting them from humans. Research is also being done on the idea of growing organs that are biologically acceptable to the human body inside of other organisms, such as pigs or cows, then transplanting them to humans, a form of Xeno-transplantation. From a Latter-day Saint point of view, the Proclamation on the Family clearly does not agree with cloning. The Proclamation states: We . . . declare that God has commanded that the sacred powers of procreation are to be employed only between man and woman, lawfully wedded as husband and wife. We declare the means by which mortal life is created to be divinely appointed. We affirm the sanctity of life and of its importance in Gods plan. In other words, the power to create humans is only to be used in a marriage between husband and wife. Cloning only involves one parent, therefore it is not following Gods plan in which a mans sperm and a womans egg are needed to create life. CONCLUSION Cloning is the process of creating a copy of a biological entity. In genetics, cloning refers to the process of making an identical copy of the DNA of an organism. Cloning is an established process today, which holds the promise of repopulating endangered and even extinct animals. Cloning can revolutionize the world and the way we live. Animal cloning has been one of the greatest frontiers scientists have conquered. However, there are various ethical and scientific issues related to cloning that have been debated. Foods from healthy cloned animals are deemed safe to eat. In recent years, there has been a shoot of new laws banning or regulating cloning around the world. In some countries, animal cloning is allowed, but not human cloning. Some advocacy groups are seeking to ban therapeutic cloning, even if this could potentially save people from many debilitating illnesses.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Life, Love and Death: The work of Adam Fuss Essay -- essays research p

Life, Love and Death: The work of Adam Fuss Peanut butter and jelly, a common combination of two separate entities, most people have heard of this duo, many enjoy it, but only one manufacturer packaged them together in a handy snack. Much like the tasty treat that is Goobers is the tasty duo of Adam Fuss and Roland Barthes. Two separate men, Adam Fuss and Roland Barthes put together in one reading, complementing and accentuating each other. Fuss and Barthes, they share an interest in photography, they share an interest in the foundation and principles of photography, more over they share an interest in photography that is deeply personal. Fuss takes the camera out of photography. Barthes takes photography out of art. Both men want to get to the essence of what a photograph is, one by thinking and writing about it and one by doing it. In this paper I will show how Adam FussÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ work matches up with and demonstrates the ideas of BarthesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ in Camera Lucida. I will look at one body of work at a time and show which parts of BarthesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ ideas are present in the work, in its creation and its theory. I will start with his first professional body of work, move through to his most recent work and then look back to some of his childhood pictures. Whether Barthes' ideas actually influenced FussÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ work I am not sure of, I have not found any text or interview that leads me to believe that it is, however I would not be surprised if it has. Camera Lucida was Roland BarthesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ last written piece, published posthumously in 1980. This book deals with the topic of photography and the death of BarthesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ mother in 1977. The role of photography is questioned; he asks what about photography makes it a valid media? We read about the operator (the photographer), spectrum (the subject) and spectator (the viewer), also about the studium (what we see in the photograph) and the punctum (the unclassifiable, the thing that makes the photograph important to the viewer). According to Barthes the photograph is an adventure for the viewer, but it is ultimately death, the recording of something that will be dead after the picture is taken. This idea is the main focus of BarthesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ writing, the photograph Ã¢â‚¬Å"that-has-beenÃ¢â‚¬ , in Latin Ã¢â‚¬Å"interfuit: what I see has been here, in this place which extends between infinity and the subject; it has been here, and yet immediately separated; it has been absolutely, irref.. . ...warns us about, by using it to document ideas and cause and effect. Barthes also warns us about color, but Fuss uses color judiciously and naturally in his work. Whether Barthes' ideas actually influenced FussÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ work I am not sure of, however the similarities and differences between both menÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s work suggest that Fuss has indeed been either directly or indirectly influenced by Roland BarthesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ Camera Obscura. Bibliography Allen, G. (2003). Roland Barthes. London: Routledge. Barthes, R. (1981). Camera lucida: Reflections on photograph (R. Howard, Trans.). New York: Hill and Wang. (Original work published 1980) Bleckner, R. (1992). Adam Fuss. In Betsy Sussler (Ed.), Bomb speak art!: The best of Bomb magazineÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s interviews with artists (pp. 98-106). Australia: G+B Arts International. Crump, J. (1997). Visceral photography: The work of Adam Fuss. Afterimage, 25(1). Retrieved on 10/11/2004 from EBSCOhost database. Fuss, A. (1997). Adam Fuss: Essay by Eugenia Parry. Santa Fe, NM: Arena Editions. Kellein, T. (2003). Adam Fuss. New York: Distributed Art Publishers, Inc. Sand, M. (1993). Adam Fuss. In Aperture: On location (pp. 44-53). New York: Aperture Foundation, Inc.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Nuclear Deterrence is the Best Defense Against Nuclear War Essay

Nuclear Deterrence is the Best Defense Against Nuclear War In 1945, a great technological innovation was dropped over Japan, the atomic bomb. Ever since the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the world has faced the threat of nuclear attack. In reaction to this, world governments have been forced to find a defense against nuclear attack. One solution to the danger of nuclear attack is the use of nuclear deterrence. Nuclear deterrence is the possession and launching of nuclear weapons for the sole purpose of defense and retaliation against a nuclear attack from another country. Nuclear deterrence is the best answer to the danger of nuclear war, resulting in world security and the prevention of nuclear war. However, some people believe that the possession of nuclear weapons for deterrence is unnecessary, expensive and too risky. International security may be at risk with deterrent nukes waiting to be fired at any moments notice. An accident could create a misfire hurting millions of people. A computer could have an error either launching a missile or reporting incoming missiles. If an incoming missile were reported, tracking stations would be instantly contacted to verify the report. The situation is determined in only one minute and a half (Hartinger). The chance of a nuclear weapon accidentally being fired is very unlikely. At nuclear command centers, there are no buttons to accidentally push or chances of computer errors (Walsh 45). An accident cannot occur because only a person can sequence a launch. The President is the only man who can initiate a nuclear launch in the United States. After the Presidents decision, there is a complex procedure of authorization codes and key turning to finally launch the nuclear weapon ... ...num=2&catid=106&UpFront=true>. "Nuclear Transportation Frequently Asked Questions." American Nuclear Society. <http://www.ans.org/pi/faq/transport.html>. "OECD: Electricity production, share of nuclear [2000]." 21 November 2002. Stockholm School of Economics. <http://www.hhs.se/personal/suzuki/o-English/ee05.html>. "Table of US Nuclear Warheads." Natural Resources Defense Council. 11/25/02. <http://www.nrdc.org/nuclear/nudb/datab9.asp>. "Transportation of Spent Nuclear Fuel." Department of Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. <http://www.rw.doe.gov/progdocs/facts/transfct/transfct.htm>. "USSTRATCOM Command Center." United States Strategic Command. Dec. 18, 2002. <http://www.stratcom.af.mil/factsheetshtml/commandctr.htm>. Walsh, Edward A. "Nuclear War Will Not Occur". Nuclear War: Opposing Viewpoints. Greenhaven Press, 1985.

Friday, October 11, 2019

Ms. Valerie H Scott

Leader as Communicator August 24, 2014 While reflecting on my life experiences and how they have shaped or influenced my behaviors and attitudes, I must refer back to the life experiences of Howard Schultz, because ironically we share the same values that were a result of our similar life experiences. My father died when I was 11 months old soon to turn a year, therefore, I was raised by my mother, who chose never to remarry out of concern for re two younger daughters me and my sister, Peggy, who is six years older than I.We have an older sister who had long be married and raising her own family. My mother is a single uneducated parent raising two girls alone doing the best that she could to Ã¢â‚¬Å"make ends meet. Ã¢â‚¬ She did domestic work in an orphanage home for years and later landed a Job in the dietary department of a local Nursing Home in our hometown as a cook. Needless to say, the monies that my mother earned were minimum and as a result we were always struggling financia lly. There was hardly enough money for the bare necessities such as food and the other basic needs that are required for daily survival.Always feeling put down because I had less than other children who I thought had it all, I became determined in my heart that if I was ever given an opportunity to make a difference in the world, that I would become a nurturer of humanity. I believe strongly in humanity and human relations and that every person should be treated with dignity and respect and I have diligently remained true to this core value that I have held in my heart for years. It is a guiding force in my life along with my relationship with Christ.Like Howard Schultz, I adopted the of never leaving anyone behindÃ¢â‚¬ which has become a motivating factor in the way that I purpose to treat every person that crosses my past in my Journey on this earth. I am compelled to help people see their value through the eyes of God and to embrace this reality as their true identity. Accordin g to Terry Pearce in Leading Out Loud, there is a rare group of people that are willing and able to communicate with others using the raw eternal of their own conviction. Clearly, these leaders were courageous enough to communicate authentically from the basis of their real values, whether they were giving speeches, advocating a cause, writing memos, or conversing informally (p. 18). He further adds in his article, Communicate from the Inside Out, Ã¢â‚¬Å"Discovering what matters is the first and most critical piece of leadership development. Ã¢â‚¬ According to Pearce by have an understanding of defining moments in one's life facilitates an understanding of the values and experiences makes them care about their performance and the performance of the people they lead.

Thursday, October 10, 2019

From Data, Information and Knowledge to Wisdom

From Data, Information and Knowledge to Wisdom The data-information-knowledge-wisdom (DIKW) continuum is a concept of the transformation of data into wisdom through cognitive processes. DIKW was initially used to illustrate principles of information management for the designing of information systems (Davenport & Pursak, 1989)(Saltworks, 2009).DIKW models utilized by nursing such as the model by Englebart & Nelson (2002), incorporate principles of increasing complexity due to increasing interactions What is important and unique to nursing is the DIKW concepts and models also help describe the critical thinking processes that nurses use to transform knowledge into the delivery of patient care, into education and learning and also into nursing research (ANA-American Nurses Association, 2008).The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the progression through the four steps of the data, information, knowledge, wisdom continuum that occurs research information to answer a clinical questi on pertinent to nurse practitioner practice. Standardized N nursing Language in Nurse Practitioner Practice The use of electronic information and decision support systems in nursing practice has brought about the introduction of several standardized nursing languages to document and communicate patient care. (McGonigle & Mastria, 2012 ).The identity of the Nurse Practitioner is grounded in nursing practice but has also expanded to include the functions of a physician (O'Connor, Hameister, & Kershaw, 2000). Given the merged identity of the Nurse Practitioner the clinical question is :Would a standardized nursing language adequately document the patient care delivered by a nurse practitioner? The Search for Clinical Data Data are discreet entities that in of themselves have no meaning. The search for data related to the clinical question was conducted through the Walden Library Health Science and Nursing Databases.DATA TO WISDOM 3 Using the search words Nurse Practitioner and Standard ized Nursing Language, both the CINHAL/Medline and the OVID data bases were queried. The search identified 6 articles. According to Bernstein (2009), The Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom hierarchy is based on filtration and reduction, so to select the most relevant articles, the titles and the keywords of the articles were reviewed first. This resulted in one article that did not contain the search words to be elimiated from further review. Translating Clinical Data to InformationTo further evaluate the usefulness of the 5 remaining articles, their abstracts were read to identify any relevant information. Information is data that has some meaning to it. Davenport and Prusak (1989) describes information as data that makes a difference to the receiver of the data. The data which is now aggregated into informational sentences and paragraphs (complete thoughts) reveal that the NANDA Nursing Diagnoses, the Iowa Nursing Interventions, and Iowa Nursing Outcomes Classification SNLs have be en explored for use in Nurse Practitioner practice.This is information as it has context to the reason the literature search is being performed. Linking Information to Knowledge In the DIKW continuum, Knowledge is transformed from Information At the knowledge stage in Englebart's & Nelson's (2002) DIKW model, an increased level of complexity in thinking must occur as a result of the increasing occurrences of interrelationships between information and knowledge (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2012 ).Davenport and Pursak also describe the knowledge stage of the continuum as a level of higher order of thinking and go on to describe some of the higher level thinking actions that turn information into knowledge. DATA TO WISDOM 4 One such action is Comparison i. e. How does this information compare to other known facts ? In this case the information found was about one type of SNL, but it known that there are about 13 different SNLs in existence. Another action is making Connections i. e. How does this information relate to other pertinent topics? In this situation another pertinent topic in NP practice is e-Prescribing.How does the use of an SNL relate to e-prescribing? Thus far the knowledge gleaned is not enough information has been found to answer the clinical question as written. WisdomÃ¢â‚¬â€Knowledge Applied in Meaningful Ways. Can informatics be used to gain wisdom? Interestingly the concept of wisdom has been eliminated from many DIKW models (DIK models) because according to Davenport and Prusak(1989) there is Ã¢â‚¬Å"enough difficulty distinguishing among the three related concepts of data, information and knowledgeÃ¢â‚¬ and so Ã¢â‚¬Å"higher-order concepts such as wisdom and insight have been lumped into the category of knowledgeÃ¢â‚¬ .There are differences in defining what wisdom is. According to Bernstien (2009) Ã¢â‚¬Å"wisdom means an ability to see the long-term consequences of any actÃ¢â‚¬ . Or wisdom is knowing when and how to apply knowledge to complex pr oblems or needs (Englebart & Nelson, 2012). In this case Wisdom is knowing that more research needs to be done on the topic of SNL's and NP practice in order to determine if standardized nursing language adequately applies to NP practice. It is what nurses do with the information available or lack of information available in informatic systems that creates wise decision making.Summary In nursing, Data- Information- Knowledge-Wisdom continuum models help depict the critical thinking nurses use to provide patient care. In information science DIKW models depict information management systems. DATA TO WISDOM 5 Data and Information can be stored in the databases of information systems in the forms of numbers, symbols and words that in of themselves have no meaning. It is only when data and information have context and meaning and are correctly applied to a problem that they are transformed into Knowledge and Wisdom in the minds of the users of these information systems. DATA TO WISDOM 6 References American Nurses Association. (2008). Nursing informatics: Scope & standards of practice. Silver Springs, MD Bernstein, J. H. ( 2009) The Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom Hierarchy and its Antithesis.Retrieved from http://arizona. openrepository. com/arizona/handle/10150/105414 Davenport, T. , Prusak, L. (1998) Excerpt of Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know. Retrieved from http://wang. ist. psu. edu/course/05/IST597/papers/ Davenport_know. pdf McGonigle, D. & Mastrian, K. G. (2012). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (2nd ed. ). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. O'Connor, N. A. , Hameister, A. D. , Kershaw, T. (2000). Application of Standardized Nursing Language to Describe Adult Nurse Practitioner Practice. Nursing Diagnosis Magazine. Copyright 1999 Nursecom, Inc. Retrieved from www. highbeam. com The Data-Information-Knowledge Continuum. The Saltworks Blog Archive. Retrieved from http://www. datamobilitygroup. com/saltwor ks/archives/76

Wednesday, October 9, 2019

Tech Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Tech Article - Essay Example So the work of the technology is to identify all moving objects with the aid of computer chipped tags. Lui and Chen 2009, in their article titled Ã¢â‚¬Å"Applications of RFID technology for improving production efficiency in an integrated-circuit packaging houseÃ¢â‚¬ , defined the radio frequency identification (RFID) as an emerging technology that can be used to expand the possibilities for data capture. They stress that one of the primary use of the RFID technology, is for process control and material handling applications which can produce benefits of flexibility and interactivity. (2203) Potential impact for companies Lui and Chen 2009, explains that an integrated-circuit (IC) packaging house must be able to provide clients with instant and accurate information on its products and services. In other to do that properly, an IC packaging house must keep track of all its wafers, regardless of whether those wafers are in packaging, testing, or shipping. In other to achieve this, the company combines the RFID technology with an enterprise resource planning otherwise known as an ERP system for resolving various wafer receiving and inventory transaction problems. An electronic control system is thus developed using Oracle application implementation methodology or (AIM) to integrate RFID technology and the ERP system.

Tuesday, October 8, 2019

Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Research Proposal Example The major aim of this design of research is establishment of truth by conceptualization of what is happening by the use of empirical research. This approach, somehow, looks like what most researchers do when they are retrospectively in an attempt to formulate some new postulations that can fit the data (Levering, 1983). Just like in the other methods, my objective here is the creation of concepts that describe how the teenage should deal with their major concerns regardless of place and time. In this case, just like behavioral research activities, parents, teenagers, and community are the units of analysis. There has been a rise in the rate of teenage pregnancy rates and this tends to be a matter of public concern. Teenage behavior has gradually changed with time due to activities and the current perception of sex in the contemporary world (Suri, 1994). In the United sates, the teenage pregnancy graph rises steadily and this has led to the establishment of various research centers aimed at finding the roots and possible solutions to teenage pregnancies. Currently, the United States has initiated an ongoing debate on whether sex education should be included in the school curriculum. If so, what kind of information is to be transmitted to teenagers about sex through the school course? The parents and community have a huge role to play in the lives of teenagers. This is because of the contact that exists between them and teenagers. According to my perception, sex or teenage pregnancy education is the role left for both the parents and community. Teenagers spend much time in near their parents and in the community leaving school teachers with little time contact with them. Actually, teachers are supposed to treat sex education as biological activity in line with the given school curriculum. Both the community and parental actions mold teenage behavior meaning that they have great influence over teenage life (Suri,

Monday, October 7, 2019

Management of Organisations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management of Organisations - Assignment Example 1.) Therefore, organisational performance should be measured. Assessing an organisation's performance also helps to determine whether or not the company has a clear mission (one that addresses the needs of a particular marketplace) and whether or not people on all levels of the organisation understand the mission. Assessing the performance also allows the organisation to review the mission statement and to determine if the mission is referenced when developing organizational strategies. Assessing an organisation's performance will help to determine the procedure and processes that are set in place and whether or not these are in compliance with federal, state, and local laws. Examining the current ethics compliance programs (if there is one) and the processes which are set in place to assess compliance with accounting and financial management system helps to determine if the system that human resource uses is effective. Examining how the organisation measures employee satisfaction and how it handles employee satisfaction and how the processes of accreditation and certification operate along with their effectiveness can be determined by the assessment of an organisation. These methods are just some way that a manager can assess internal environment of an organisation. organisation is service oriented and its focus is on the c... The organisation is service oriented and its focus is on the clients. Fitness First is the largest health club operator in the UK and Europe. Having grown from a single health club, twelve years later Fitness First has 1.2 million members in fifteen countries. There are 166 Fitness First clubs in the UK, which is the focus of this case study. They provide top-quality service and equipment at a value price in a non-intimidating environment. Regardless of an individual's current fitness status, they offer the opportunity to improve his/her fitness level.Fitness First strives to deliver its members the best experience each and every time he/she walks through their doors. It was found that the customer service to clients is impeccable. Through word-of-mouth, feedback, increased membership, etc. the assessment of this portion of the organisation was excellent. However, the assessment of employees, staff, and policies regarding staff were assessed, the results were not the same. The company pl aced much emphasis on meeting the needs of its clients which left a gap in meeting the needs of its employees. Perhaps by implementing Investors in People, the largest health club operator, which caters to people can also provide cater to their people (employee) and reach its objectives more effectively. Management 4 In order to improve the company's weaknesses, based on findings during the assessment, the company decided to invest in its staff and employees in addition to investing in its clients. Taylor & Thackwray, (1996:1), as cited in Scutt (1998) stated that, "Investment in equipment depreciates whilst investment in people appreciates". As this quote points out, investing in people will deliver a huge return.

Sunday, October 6, 2019

Civil Liberties and Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Civil Liberties and Rights - Essay Example Individuals from different areas changed into a new race of men and their prosperity and labors caused significant changes in the world in the future. Now days united States demographics are not the only ones who are changing in an unprecedented way, but also notions of assimilation. It has been noted that, as the immigrantsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ size of population reaches a critical mass in some communities, they are to be transformed by the American society. Culture in America is a powerful force that influences people living in America and the entire world. (Davis, 2003, p. 213). Today, several factors have combined to allow immigrants to resist, if they decide to use assimilation, which is believed to be irresistible. It has become easier for immigrants to resist change because; cultural diversity has been accepted, with emphasis laid on industrial competitiveness. It is worth noting that Immigrants embrace the notion of cultural diversity. This is because they do not have any mechanisms, and policies that describe what cultural diversity actual means. It is pertinent to note that cultural diversity is part of the national agenda, and plays a part in supporting its production realization in the ways people play, work, and live together. During colonization, various European colonists went to where it is today known as United States. Some moved there with the hope of being free of political and religious prosecution while others were after riches and to expansion of their companies. Swedish was in the category of those who went to colonize America under their governments command. Swedish went to America in large numbers and with a purpose. Out of the large numbers, they formed communities, which kept private for them, and in these communities, there were people from many different trades and with many skills lived and prospered. Considering this large numbers, concentration of Swedish people in